Injection molding flow control apparatus and method

ABSTRACT

An apparatus for controlling the rate of flow of mold material to a mold cavity, the apparatus comprising: an injection molding machine and a manifold; an actuator interconnected to a valve pin having a tip end; a valve system in fluid communication with the actuator to drive the actuator at one or more rates of travel, the valve system having a start position, one or more intermediate drive rate positions and a high drive rate position, the start position holding the valve pin in a gate closed position; a controller that instructs the valve system to move from the start position to the one or more intermediate drive rate positions and to remain in the one or more intermediate drive rate positions for one or more corresponding predetermined amounts of time.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation and claims the benefit of priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 14/567,308 filed Dec. 11, 2014 which is a divisional and claims the benefit of priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 13/484,408 filed May 31, 2012, which is a continuation of and claims the benefit of priority to PCT/US11/62096 filed Nov. 23, 2011, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/475,340 filed Apr. 14, 2011 and to U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 61/416,583 filed Nov. 23, 2010, the disclosures of all of the foregoing of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety as if fully set forth herein.

The disclosures of all of the following are incorporated by reference in their entirety as if fully set forth herein: U.S. Pat. No. 5,894,025, U.S. Pat. No. 6,062,840, U.S. Pat. No. 6,294,122, U.S. Pat. No. 6,309,208, U.S. Pat. No. 6,287,107, U.S. Pat. No. 6,343,921, U.S. Pat. No. 6,343,922, U.S. Pat. No. 6,254,377, U.S. Pat. No. 6,261,075, U.S. Pat. No. 6,361,300 (7006), U.S. Pat. No. 6,419,870, U.S. Pat. No. 6,464,909 (7031), U.S. Pat. No. 6,599,116, U.S. Pat. No. 7,234,929 (7075US1), U.S. Pat. No. 7,419,625 (7075US2), U.S. Pat. No. 7,569,169 (7075US3), U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/214,118, filed Aug. 8, 2002 (7006), U.S. Pat. No. 7,029,268 (7077US1), U.S. Pat. No. 7,270,537 (7077US2), U.S. Pat. No. 7,597,828 (7077US3), U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/699,856 filed Oct. 30, 2000 (7056), U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/269,927 filed Oct. 11, 2002 (7031), U.S. application Ser. No. 09/503,832 filed Feb., 15, 2000 (7053), U.S. application Ser. No. 09/656,846 filed Sep. 7, 2000 (7060), U.S. application Ser. No. 10/006,504 filed Dec. 3, 2001, (7068) and U.S. application Ser. No. 10/101,278 filed Mar. 19, 2002 (7070).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Injection molding systems have been developed having flow control mechanisms that control the movement of a valve pin over the course of an injection cycle to cause the pin to move either upstream or downstream over the course of an injection cycle in order to raise or lower the rate of flow of fluid material into the cavity to correspond to a predetermined profile of fluid flow rates over the length of the injection cycle. A sensor is used to sense a condition of the fluid material or of the apparatus, the sensor sending a signal indicative of the sensed condition to a program contained in a controller that uses the signal as a variable to control movement of the valve pin in accordance with the predetermined profile.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the invention there is provided a method of performing an injection molding cycle in an injection molding apparatus comprising:

-   -   an injection molding machine and a manifold that receives an         injected mold material from the injection molding machine, the         manifold having a delivery channel that delivers the mold         material under an injection pressure to a first gate of a mold         cavity,     -   an actuator interconnected to a valve pin driving the valve pin         from a first position where the tip end of the valve pin         obstructs the gate to prevent the injection fluid material from         flowing into the cavity, upstream to a second position upstream         of the gate where the mold material flows at a maximum rate         through the gate and continuously upstream from the start         position through one or more intermediate positions between the         first position and the second position wherein the tip end of         the valve pin restricts flow of the injection mold material to         one or more rates less than the maximum rate,     -   a valve system for controllably driving the valve pin, the valve         system being controllably movable from a start position to one         or more intermediate drive rate positions and a high drive rate         position, the high drive rate position driving the pin upstream         at a high rate of travel, the intermediate drive rate positions         driving the pin upstream at one or more intermediate rates of         travel that are less than the high rate of travel,         -   the method comprising:         -   selecting one or more lengths of time for the valve system             to operate or reside in corresponding ones of the one or             more intermediate drive rate positions,         -   beginning an injection cycle with the tip end of the valve             pin in the first position and the valve system in the start             position,         -   adjusting the valve system to operate at the one or more of             the intermediate drive rate positions for the one or more             selected lengths of time to drive the valve pin continuously             upstream,         -   adjusting the valve system to operate at the high drive rate             position to drive the tip end of the valve pin continuously             upstream at the high rate of travel upon expiration of the             one or more selected lengths of time.

In an alternative embodiment, the method and apparatus can carry out a single adjustment of the valve system or velocity to cause the valve pin to travel at a less than maximum velocity during the entirety of the injection cycle all the way from the gate closed position to the maximum end of stroke position.

The valve system is typically adjusted to operate at the one or more intermediate drive rate positions after the mold material has been injected into the cavity through another gate and has travelled through the cavity past the first gate. The valve system can be adjusted to operate at a single intermediate drive rate position for a single selected length of time.

The valve system is typically interconnected to an electrical signal generating device operable to generate electrical signals of controllably variable output, the valve system being adjustable in drive rate position to increase the flow of drive fluid to a degree that is proportional to the degree of output of the electrical signals, the steps of adjusting the valve system comprising operating the electrical signal generating device to generate electrical signals that adjust the drive rate positions of the valve system according electrical signals of selected degree of output.

Each of the drive rate positions of the valve system preferably have a degree of openness, the drive fluid of the valve system driving the actuator and the valve pin at a rate that is proportional to the degree of openness of the positions of the valve system, the one or more intermediate drive rate positions having a degree of openness that is less than the degree of openness of the high drive rate flow position. The length of travel between the first position and the one or more intermediate positions along the drive path is typically between about 1 mm and about 5 mm.

In another embodiment of the invention there is provided an apparatus for controlling the rate of flow of mold material to a mold cavity, the apparatus comprising: an injection molding machine and a manifold that receives the injected mold material from the machine, the manifold having a delivery channel that delivers the mold material at one or more flow rates through a gate to the mold cavity,

-   -   an actuator interconnected to a valve pin having a tip end, the         actuator being drivable to move the valve pin along a path of         travel starting from a downstream gate closed position         continuously upstream to and through a series of successively         upstream intermediate upstream gate open positions and further         continuously upstream to a high upstream gate open position,     -   a valve system in fluid communication with the actuator to drive         the actuator with drive fluid at one or more rates of travel,         the valve system having a start position, one or more         intermediate drive rate positions and a high drive rate         position, the start position holding the valve pin in the gate         closed position, the high drive rate position driving the         actuator upstream at a maximum velocity under which the valve         system is capable of driving the actuator, the one or more         intermediate drive rate positions driving the actuator upstream         at one or more corresponding velocities that are less than the         maximum velocity,     -   a controller interconnected to the valve system, the controller         being adapted to control movement of the valve system between         the start position, the one or more intermediate drive rate         positions and the high drive rate position,     -   the controller including an electrical signal generator that         drives the valve system to move from the start position to the         one or more intermediate drive rate positions and to remain in         the one or more intermediate drive rate positions for one or         more corresponding predetermined amounts of time and further         drives the valve system to move from the one or more         intermediate drive rate positions to the high drive rate         position on expiration of the one or more predetermined amounts         of time.

The positions of the valve system preferably each have a corresponding degree of openness, the controller being adapted to generate an electrical signal of selectable degree of output, the degree of openness of the positions of the valve system being proportional to the degree of output of the electrical signal generated by the controller.

The output of the electrical signal can one or more of electrical energy, electrical power, voltage, current or amperage.

The degree of openness of the positions of the valve system each have a corresponding rate of flow of the drive fluid that is proportional to the corresponding degree of openness of the positions of the valve system.

The tip end of the valve pin typically obstructs the gate to prevent the mold material from flowing into the cavity in the first position, the mold material flows at a maximum rate through the gate in the second position and the tip end of the valve pin restricts the flow of the mold material to less than the maximum rate in the one or more intermediate upstream positions between the first position and the second position, and wherein

-   -   the valve pin is in one or more of the intermediate upstream         positions when the valve system is in the one or more         intermediate drive rate positions.

The rate of travel of the actuator that corresponds to a highest of the one or more intermediate drive rate positions of the valve system is less than about 75% of the rate of travel of the actuator that corresponds to the high drive rate position of the valve system.

Each of the positions of the valve system preferably have a corresponding degree of openness, the actuator being driven at a velocity that is proportional to the degree of openness of the positions of the valve system, the electrical signals generated by the controller each having a degree of output that adjusts the valve system to a degree of openness that is proportional to the degree of output of the electrical signals.

The controller is programmable to automatically generate one or more first electrical signals having one or more corresponding first selected degrees of output that move the valve system to the one or more intermediate drive rate positions to drive the actuator continuously upstream at one or more corresponding first velocities that are less than the maximum velocity, the controller generating a second electrical signal on expiration of the one or more predetermined amounts of time, the second electrical signal having a second selected degree of output that moves the valve system to the high drive rate position to drive the actuator at the maximum velocity.

The controller typically includes electrical or electronic instructions interconnected to an electrical signal generator that automatically instructs the electrical signal generator to generate the electrical signals that drive the valve system to move from the start position to the one or more intermediate drive positions and to remain in the one or more intermediate drive positions for the one or more predetermined amounts of time and further instructs the electrical signal generator to generate an electrical signal that drives the valve system to move from the one or more intermediate drive positions to the high drive position on expiration of the one or more predetermined amounts of time.

Each of the positions of the valve system have a corresponding degree of openness, the actuator being driven at a velocity that is proportional to the degree of openness of the positions of the valve system, the electrical signals generated by the controller each having a degree of output that adjusts the valve system to a degree of openness that is proportional to the degree of output of the electrical signals.

The output of the electrical signal can be one or more of electrical energy, electrical power, voltage, current or amperage.

Further in accordance with the invention there is provided a method of performing an injection molding cycle in an injection molding apparatus comprising: an injection molding machine and a manifold that receives an injected mold material from the injection molding machine, the manifold having a delivery channel that delivers the mold material under an injection pressure to a first gate of a mold cavity,

-   -   an actuator interconnected to a valve pin driving the valve pin         from a first position where the tip end of the valve pin         obstructs the gate to prevent the injection fluid material from         flowing into the cavity, upstream to a second position upstream         of the gate where the mold material flows at a maximum rate         through the gate and continuously upstream from the start         position through one or more intermediate positions between the         first position and the second position wherein the tip end of         the valve pin restricts flow of the mold material to one or more         corresponding rates of flow that are less than the maximum rate,     -   a valve system for controllably driving the valve pin, the valve         system being controllably movable from a start position to one         or more intermediate drive rate positions and a high drive rate         position, the high drive rate position driving the pin upstream         at a high rate of travel, the intermediate drive rate positions         driving the pin upstream at one or more intermediate rates of         travel that are less than the high rate of travel,     -   the method comprising:     -   preselecting one or more lengths of time for the valve system to         reside in the one or more intermediate drive rate positions such         that the tip end of the pin is disposed in a position that         restricts the flow of mold material through the gate to less         than the maximum rate during the entirety of said preselected         lengths of time,     -   beginning an injection cycle with the tip end of the valve pin         in the first position and the valve system in the start         position,     -   adjusting the valve system to operate at one or more of the         intermediate drive rate positions for the one or more selected         lengths of time to drive the valve pin continuously upstream,     -   adjusting the valve system to operate at the high drive rate         position to drive the tip end of the valve pin continuously         upstream at the high rate of travel upon expiration of the one         or more selected lengths of time.

Such a method typically comprises carrying out the steps of beginning and adjusting automatically via an electrical controller having programmable instructions.

In another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of performing an injection molding cycle in an injection molding apparatus comprising:

-   -   an injection molding machine and a manifold that receives an         injected mold material from the injection molding machine, the         manifold having a delivery channel that delivers the mold         material under an injection pressure to a first gate of a mold         cavity,         an actuator interconnected to a valve pin driving the valve pin         from a first position where the tip end of the valve pin         obstructs the gate to prevent the injection fluid material from         flowing into the cavity, upstream to a second position upstream         of the gate where the mold material flows at a maximum rate         through the gate and continuously upstream from the start         position through one or more intermediate positions between the         first position and the second position wherein the tip end of         the valve pin restricts flow of the injection fluid to one or         more rates less than the maximum rate,         a drive system for controllably driving the actuator and the         valve pin upstream at one or more selected intermediate         velocities and at one or more high velocities that are higher         than the intermediate velocities,         the method comprising:         selecting one or more lengths of time for the drive system to         drive the actuator at the one or more intermediate velocities,         beginning an injection cycle with the tip end of the valve pin         in the first position,         adjusting the drive system to drive the actuator at the one or         more intermediate velocities for the one or more selected         lengths of time to drive the valve pin continuously upstream,         adjusting the drive system to drive the actuator at the one or         more high velocities to drive the tip end of the valve pin         continuously upstream at the one or more high velocities upon         expiration of the one or more selected lengths of time.

The drive system can be adjusted to drive the actuator at the one or more intermediate velocities after the mold material has been injected into the cavity through another gate and has travelled through the cavity past the first gate.

The drive system can be adjusted to drive the actuator at a single intermediate velocity for a single selected length of time.

The drive system can be interconnected to an electrical signal generating device operable to generate electrical signals of controllably variable degree of output, the drive system being adjustable in drive rate to adjust velocity to a degree that is proportional to the degree of output of the electrical signals, the steps of adjusting the drive system comprising operating the electrical signal generating device to generate electrical signals that proportionally adjust the drive rate of the drive system according to electrical signals having one or more selected degrees of output.

The length of travel between the first position and the one or more intermediate positions along the drive path is between about 1 mm and about 5 mm.

In another aspect of the invention there is provided an apparatus for controlling the rate of flow of mold material to a mold cavity, the apparatus comprising:

-   -   an injection molding machine and a manifold that receives the         injected mold material from the machine, the manifold having a         delivery channel that delivers the mold material at one or more         flow rates through a gate to the mold cavity,     -   an actuator interconnected to a valve pin having a tip end, the         actuator being drivable to move the valve pin along a path of         travel starting from a downstream gate closed position         continuously upstream to and through a series of successively         upstream intermediate upstream gate open positions and further         continuously upstream to a high upstream gate open position,     -   a drive system connected to the actuator, the drive system being         adapted to drive the actuator continuously upstream beginning         from the gate closed position at one or more preselected         intermediate velocities for one or more corresponding selected         lengths of time and further subsequently driving the actuator         continuously upstream at one or more high velocities that are         higher than the intermediate velocities.

Such an apparatus typically further comprises

-   -   a controller interconnected to the drive system, the controller         being adapted to control operation of the drive system between         the start position, the one or more intermediate drive rate         positions and the high drive rate position,     -   the controller including an electrical signal generator that         outputs electrical signals of controllably variable degree of         output, the drive system being adjustable in drive rate to         adjust velocity of the actuator and the valve pin to a degree         that is proportional to the degree of output of the electrical         signals,     -   the controller including instructions that operate the         electrical signal generating device to generate electrical         signals of one or more preselected degrees of output that drive         the actuator upstream at corresponding ones of the intermediate         upstream velocities for the one or more corresponding selected         lengths of time and that further drive the actuator at the one         or more high velocities on expiration of the selected lengths of         time.

The output of the electrical signal can be one or more of electrical energy, electrical power, voltage, current or amperage.

The tip end of the valve pin preferably obstructs the gate to prevent the mold material from flowing into the cavity when the actuator is in the downstream gate closed position, the mold material flows at a maximum rate through the gate when the actuator is in the high upstream gate open position and the tip end of the valve pin restricts the flow of the mold material to less than the maximum rate when the actuator is in the one or more intermediate upstream gate open positions, and wherein the valve pin is in one or more of the intermediate upstream positions restricting flow of the mold material to less than the maximum rate when the drive system is driving the actuator at the one or more intermediate velocities.

The rate of travel of the actuator when the actuator is driven at the highest of the one or more intermediate velocities is less than about 75% of the rate of travel of the actuator when the actuator is driven at the lowest of the one or more high velocities.

The length of travel between the downstream gate closed position and the furthest upstream of the one or more intermediate upstream gate open positions is typically between about 1 mm and about 5 mm.

Further in accordance with the invention there is provided a sequentially gated molding system comprising a mold having first and second gates leading to a common cavity and a manifold having first and second fluid flow channels respectively delivering a fluid mold material through the first and second gates into the cavity, the system comprising:

-   -   a first valve controlling delivery of the fluid material through         the first gate into the cavity beginning at a first time;     -   a second valve controlling delivery of the fluid material         through the second gate beginning at a second time subsequent to         the first time such that the fluid material has entered the         cavity through the first gate and approached the second gate         prior to the second time;     -   the second valve comprising an actuator interconnected to a         valve pin having a tip end, the actuator moving the valve pin         continuously upstream along a path of travel between a         downstream gate closed position and an intermediate upstream         gate open position, the downstream gate closed position being a         position wherein the tip end of the valve pin obstructs the         second gate to prevent fluid material from flowing into the mold         cavity, the intermediate upstream gate open position being a         predetermined position between the downstream gate closed         position and a fully open, end of stroke position upstream of         the intermediate upstream gate open position;     -   a controller interconnected to the actuator that controls         movement of the actuator at least in part according to         instructions that instruct the actuator to move the valve pin         continuously upstream at one or more selected velocities over         the course of travel of the valve pin from the downstream gate         closed position to the intermediate upstream gate open position.

In such an embodiment, the actuator can comprise an electrically driven motor interconnected to the valve pin that moves the valve pin at a controllably variable rate according to an electrical or electronic signal received from the controller that is controllably variable.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and further advantages of the invention may be better understood by referring to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of one embodiment of the invention showing a mold having a valve with a gate injecting at a central location in the cavity and a pair of lateral or distal valves injecting into the same cavity at lateral or distal locations, the center gate with center actuator 940 having been opened and shown closed such that a first shot of fluid material has entered the cavity and traveled past the position of the lateral sequential gates, the lateral gates shown being open with their valve pin having traveled along an upstream restricted flow path RP allowing a second sequential shot of fluid material to flow into and merge with the first shot of material from the center gate within the cavity;

FIGS. 1A-1E are schematic cross-sectional close-up views of the center and one of the lateral gates of the FIG. 1 apparatus showing various stages of the progress of injection;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the invention showing generically a hydraulically actuated valve and its interconnection to the hydraulic system and the control system for causing the valve pin to withdraw at the beginning of a cycle at predetermined reduced velocity for a predetermined amount of time;

FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic cross-sectional views of the hydraulic valves and restrictors used in the system of FIG. 1 according to the invention;

FIGS. 3A-3B show tapered end valve pin positions at various times and positions between a starting closed position as in FIG. 3A and various upstream opened positions, RP representing a selectable path length over which the velocity of withdrawal of the pin upstream from the gate closed position to an open position is reduced (via a controllable flow restrictor) relative to the velocity of upstream movement that the valve pin would normally have over the uncontrolled velocity path FOV when the hydraulic pressure is normally at full pressure and pin velocity is at its maximum;

FIGS. 4A-4B show a system having a valve pin that has a cylindrically configured tip end, the tips ends of the pins being positioned at various times and positions between a starting closed position as in FIG. 4A and various upstream opened positions, RP wherein RP represents a path over which the velocity of withdrawal of the pin upstream from the gate closed position to an open position is reduced (via a controllable flow restrictor or electric actuator) relative to the velocity of upstream movement that the valve pin would normally have over the uncontrolled velocity path FOV when the hydraulic pressure of a hydraulic actuator is normally at full pressure and pin velocity is at its maximum;

FIGS. 5A-5D are a series of plots of pin velocity versus time each plot representing a different example of the opening of a gate lateral to a central gate via continuous upstream withdrawal of a valve pin at one rate or set of rates over an initial flow path RP and at another higher rate or set of rates of upstream withdrawal of the valve pin beginning at a pin position of FOP and beyond when the fluid material flow is typically at a maximum unrestricted rate of flow through the open gate without any restriction or obstruction from the tip end of the pin.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 shows a system 10 with a central nozzle 22 feeding molten material from an injection molding machine through a main inlet 18 to a distribution channel 19 of a manifold 40. The distribution channel 19 commonly feeds three separate nozzles 20, 22, 24 which all commonly feed into a common cavity 30 of a mold 42. One of the nozzles 22 is controlled by actuator 940 and arranged so as to feed into cavity 30 at an entrance point or gate that is disposed at about the center 32 of the cavity. As shown, a pair of lateral nozzles 20, 24 feed into the cavity 30 at gate locations that are distal 34, 36 to the center gate feed position 32.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 1A the injection cycle is a cascade process where injection is effected in a sequence from the center nozzle 22 first and at a later predetermined time from the lateral nozzles 20, 24. As shown in FIG. 1A the injection cycle is started by first opening the pin 1040 of the center nozzle 22 and allowing the fluid material 100 (typically polymer or plastic material) to flow up to a position 100 a in the cavity just before 100 b the distally disposed entrance into the cavity 34, 36 of the gates of the lateral nozzles 24, 20 as shown in FIG. 1A. After an injection cycle is begun, the gate of the center injection nozzle 22 and pin 1040 is typically left open only for so long as to allow the fluid material 100 b to travel to a position 100 p just past the positions 34, 36. Once the fluid material has travelled just past 100 p of the lateral gate positions 34, 36, the center gate 32 of the center nozzle 22 is typically closed by pin 1040 as shown in FIGS. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E. The lateral gates 34, 36 are then opened by upstream withdrawal of lateral nozzle pins 1041, 1042 as shown in FIGS. 1B-1E. As described below, the rate of upstream withdrawal or travel velocity of lateral pins 1041, 1042 is controlled as described below.

In alternative embodiments, the center gate 32 and associated actuator 940 and valve pin 1040 can remain open at, during and subsequent to the times that the lateral gates 34, 36 are opened such that fluid material flows into cavity 30 through both the center gate 32 and one or both of the lateral gates 34, 36 simultaneously.

When the lateral gates 34, 36 are opened and fluid material NM is allowed to first enter the mold cavity into the stream 102 p that has been injected from center nozzle 22 past gates 34, 36, the two streams NM and 102 p mix with each other. If the velocity of the fluid material NM is too high, such as often occurs when the flow velocity of injection fluid material through gates 34, 36 is at maximum, a visible line or defect in the mixing of the two streams 102 p and NM will appear in the final cooled molded product at the areas where gates 34, 36 inject into the mold cavity. By injecting NM at a reduced flow rate for a relatively short period of time at the beginning when the gate 34, 36 is first opened and following the time when NM first enters the flow stream 102 p, the appearance of a visible line or defect in the final molded product can be reduced or eliminated.

The rate or velocity of upstream withdrawal of pins 1041, 1042 starting from the closed position is controlled via controller 16, FIGS. 1, 2 which controls the rate and direction of flow of hydraulic fluid from the drive system 700 to the actuators 940, 941, 942. A “controller,” as used herein, refers to electrical and electronic control apparati that comprise a single box or multiple boxes (typically interconnected and communicating with each other) that contain(s) all of the separate electronic processing, memory and electrical signal generating components that are necessary or desirable for carrying out and constructing the methods, functions and apparatuses described herein. Such electronic and electrical components include programs, microprocessors, computers, PID controllers, voltage regulators, current regulators, circuit boards, motors, batteries and instructions for controlling any variable element discussed herein such as length of time, degree of electrical signal output and the like. For example a component of a controller, as that term is used herein, includes programs, controllers and the like that perform functions such as monitoring, alerting and initiating an injection molding cycle including a control device that is used as a standalone device for performing conventional functions such as signaling and instructing an individual injection valve or a series of interdependent valves to start an injection, namely move an actuator and associated valve pin from a gate closed to a gate open position. In addition, although fluid driven actuators are employed in typical or preferred embodiments of the invention, actuators powered by an electric or electronic motor or drive source can alternatively be used as the actuator component.

As shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B, a supply of hydraulic fluid 14 is fed first through a directional control valve 750 mechanism that switches the hydraulic fluid flow to the actuator cylinders in either of two directions: fluid out to withdraw the pin upstream, FIG. 2A, and fluid in to drive the pin downstream, FIG. 2B. At the beginning of an injection cycle the gate of a lateral valve 34, 36 is closed and the hydraulic system is in the directional configuration of FIG. 2B. When a cycle is started, the directional configuration of the directional valve 750 of the hydraulic system 700 is switched by controller 16 to the configuration of FIG. 2A. The hydraulic system includes a flow restriction valve 600 that can vary the rate of flow of hydraulic fluid to the actuator 941 under the control of the controller 16 to vary the rate of travel, upstream or downstream of the piston of the actuator 941 which in turn controls the direction and rate of travel of pin 1041. Although not shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B, the hydraulic system 700 controls the direction and rate of travel of the pistons of actuators 940 and 942 in a manner similar to the manner of control of actuator 941 via the connections shown in FIG. 1.

The user programs controller 16 via data inputs on a user interface to instruct the hydraulic system 700 to drive pins 1041, 1042 at an upstream velocity of travel for a predetermined amount of time that is reduced relative to a maximum velocity that the hydraulic system can drive the pins 1041, 1042 to travel. As described below, such reduced pin withdrawal rate or velocity is executed for a preselected amount of time that is less than the time of the entire injection cycle, the latter part of the injection cycle being executed with the pins 1041, 1042 being withdrawn at higher velocities. A typical amount of time over which the pins are instructed to withdraw at a reduced velocity is between about 0.25 and about 10 seconds, more typically between about 0.5 and about 5 seconds, the entire injection cycle time typically being between about 4 seconds and about 30 seconds, more typically between about 6 seconds and about 12 seconds.

FIG. 1 shows position sensors 950, 951, 952 which sense the position of the actuator cylinders 940, 941, 942 and their associated valve pins (such as 1040, 1041, 1042) and feeds such position information to controller 16 for monitoring purposes. Such information may or may not be used or included in conjunction with the apparatus and method of the present invention and is not a necessary component thereof given that the user selects and inputs time, and not position, to the controller 16 as the essential variable for controlling drive of the valve pin 1040, 1041, 1042 and actuator(s) 940-942 upstream at a selected less than maximum velocity.

As shown, fluid material 18 is injected from an injection machine into a manifold runner 19 and further downstream into the bores 44, 46 of the lateral nozzles 24, 22 and ultimately downstream through the gates 32, 34, 36. When the pins 1041, 1042 are withdrawn upstream to a position where the tip end of the pins 1041 are in a fully upstream open position such as shown in FIG. 1D, the rate of flow of fluid material through the gates 34, 36 is at a maximum. However when the pins 1041, 1042 are initially withdrawn beginning from the closed gate position, FIG. 1A, to intermediate upstream positions, FIGS. 1B, 1C, a gap 1154, 1156 that restricts the velocity of fluid material flow is formed between the outer surfaces 1155 of the tip end of the pins 44, 46 and the inner surfaces 1254, 1256 of the gate areas of the nozzles 24, 20. The restricted flow gap 1154, 1156 remains small enough to restrict and reduce the rate of flow of fluid material 1153 through gates 34, 36 to a rate that is less than maximum flow velocity over a travel distance RP of the tip end of the pins 1041, 1042 going from closed to upstream as shown in FIGS. 1, 1B, 1C, 1E and 3B, 4B.

The pins 1041 can be controllably withdrawn at one or more reduced velocities (less than maximum) for one or more periods of time over the entirety of the length of the path RP over which flow of mold material 1153 is restricted. Preferably the pins are withdrawn at a reduced velocity over more than about 50% of RP and most preferably over more than about 75% of the length RP. As described below with reference to FIGS. 3B, 4B, the pins 1041 can be withdrawn at a higher or maximum velocity at the end COP2 of a less than complete restricted mold material flow path RP2.

The trace or visible lines that appear in the body of a part that is ultimately formed within the cavity of the mold on cooling above can be reduced or eliminated by reducing or controlling the velocity of the pin 1041, 1042 opening or upstream withdrawal from the gate closed position to a selected intermediate upstream gate open position that is preferably 75% or more of the length of RP.

The periods of time over which the pins 1041, 1042 are withdrawn at reduced velocities are typically determined empirically by trial and error runs. One or more, typically multiple, trial injection cycle runs are carried out to make specimen parts from the mold. Each trial injection cycle run is carried out using a different period or periods of time at which the pins 1041, 1042 are withdrawn at one or more reduced velocities over the trial period(s) of time, and the quality of the parts produced from all such trial runs are compared to determine the optimum quality producing time(s) of reduced velocity pin withdrawals. When the optimum time(s) have been determined, the controller is programmed to carry out an injection cycle where the pin withdrawal velocities of pins 1041, 1042 are reduced for the predetermined amounts of time at the predetermined reduced withdrawal rates.

RP can be about 1-8 mm in length and more typically about 2-6 mm and even more typically 2-4 mm in length. As shown in FIG. 2 in such an embodiment, a control system or controller 16 is preprogrammed to control the sequence and the rates of valve pin 1040, 1041, 1042 opening and closing. The controller 16 controls the rate of travel, namely velocity of upstream travel, of a valve pin 1041, 1042 from its gate closed position for at least the predetermined amount of time that is selected to withdraw the pin at the selected reduced velocity rate.

The velocity of withdrawal of the valve pins 1041, 1042 is determined by regulation of the flow of hydraulic drive fluid that is pumped from a supply 14 to the actuators 941, 942 through a flow restrictor valve 600, FIGS. 1, 2, 2A, 2B. When the flow restrictor valve 600 is completely open, namely 100% open, allowing maximum flow of the pressurized hydraulic fluid to the actuator cylinders, the valve pins 1041, 1042 are driven at a maximum upstream travel velocity. According to the invention, the degree of openness of the flow restrictor valve is adjusted for a select period of time beginning from the gate closed position of the pin to less than 100% open. Adjustment of the flow restrictor valve 600 to less than 100% open thus reduces the rate and volume flow of pressurized hydraulic fluid to the actuator cylinders thus in turn reducing the velocity of upstream travel of the pins 1041, 1042 for the selected period of time. At the end of the select period of time of reduced openness of the valve 600, the valve 600 is opened to its 100% open position to allow the actuator pistons and the valve pins 1041, 1042 to be driven at maximum upstream velocity in order to reduce the cycle time of the injection cycle.

The valve 600 typically comprises a restrictor valve that is controllably positionable anywhere between completely closed (0% open) and completely open (100% open). Adjustment of the position of the restrictor valve 600 is typically accomplished via a source of electrical power that controllably drives an electromechanical mechanism 602 that causes the valve to rotate such as a rotating spool that reacts to a magnetic or electromagnetic field created by the electrical signal output of the controller 16, namely an output of electrical energy, electrical power, voltage, current or amperage the degree or amount of which can be readily and controllably varied by conventional electrical output devices. The electro-mechanism 602 is controllably drivable to cause the valve 600 to open or close to a degree of openness that is proportional to the amount or degree of electrical energy that is input to drive the electro-mechanism 602. The velocity of upstream withdrawal travel of the pins 1041, 1042 are in turn proportional to the degree of openness of the valve 600. Thus the rate of upstream travel of the pins 1041, 1042 is proportional to the amount or degree of electrical energy that is input to the electromechanism 602 that drives valves 600. The electromechanism 602 that is selected for driving the valve 600 establishes in the first instance the maximum amount of electrical energy or power (such as voltage or current) that is required to open the valve to its 100% open position. A control for setting the amount or degree of electrical energy or power input to the motor is contained within the controller 16. Controller 16 includes an interface that enables the user to input any selected fraction or percentage of the maximum electrical energy or power needed to adjust the valve 600 to less than 100% open for any preselected amount of time beginning from the gate closed position of the valve pins 1041, 1042 and their associated actuators 941, 942. Thus the user selects a reduced upstream velocity of the pins 1041, 1042 by inputting to the controller 16 a percentage of the maximum amount of electrical energy or power input (voltage or current) needed to open the valve 600 to 100% open. The user inputs such selections into the controller 16. The user also selects the period of time over which the valve 600 is partially opened and inputs such a selection into the controller 16. The controller 16 includes conventional programming or circuitry that receives and executes the user inputs. The controller may include programming or circuitry that enables the user to input as a variable a selected pin velocity rather than a percentage of electrical energy, the programming of the controller automatically converting the inputs by the user to appropriate instructions for reduced electrical input to the electro-mechanism that that drives the valve 600.

Typically the user selects one or more reduced velocities that are less than about 90% of the maximum velocity (namely velocity when the valve 600 is fully open), more typically less than about 75% of the maximum velocity and even more typically less than about 50% of the maximum velocity at which the pins 1041, 1042 are drivable by the hydraulic system. The actual maximum velocity at which the actuators 941, 942 and their associated pins 1041, 1042 are driven is predetermined by selection of the size and configuration of the actuators 941, 942, the size and configuration of the restriction valve 600 and the degree of pressurization and type of hydraulic drive fluid selected for use by the user. The maximum drive rate of the hydraulic system is predetermined by the manufacturer and the user of the system and is typically selected according to the application, size and nature of the mold and the injection molded part to be fabricated.

As shown by the series of examples of programs illustrated in FIGS. 5A-5D one or more reduced pin velocities can be selected and the pin driven by restricted hydraulic fluid flow (or by reduced velocity drive by an electric actuator) for any one or more selected periods of time between the gate closed (X and Y axis zero position) and the final intermediate upstream open gate position (4 mm for example in the FIG. 5A example, 5 mm in the FIG. 5B example) at which point the pin 1041, 1042 is driven to travel upstream at maximum upstream travel velocity (as shown, 100 mm/sec in the FIGS. 5A-5D examples). In the FIG. 5A example, the reduced pin velocity is selected as 50 mm/sec. In practice the actual velocity of the pin may or may not be precisely known, the Y velocity axis corresponding (and generally being proportional) to the degree of electrical energy input to the motor that controls the opening of the flow restriction valve, 100 mm/sec corresponding to the valve 600 being completely 100% open (and pin being driven at maximum velocity); and 50 mm/sec corresponding to 50% electrical energy input to the electromechanism that drives the restriction valve 600 to one-half of its maximum 100% degree of openness. In the FIG. 5A example, the time over which the valve pin 1041, 1042 is programmed to travel at the reduced 50 mm/sec velocity is 0.08 seconds. Also in this example, the valve pin 1041 travels to intermediate upstream gate open positions between 0 mm (gate closed) and about 4 mm upstream at the reduced 50 mm/sec velocity. After the pin 1041, 1042 has been driven for the preselected 0.08 seconds (reaching an upstream position of about 4 mm from the gate closed position), the controller 16 instructs the electro-mechanism that drives the valve 600 (typically a magnetic or electromagnetic field driven device such as a spool) to open the restrictor valve 600 to full 100% open at which time the pin (and its associated actuator piston) are driven by the hydraulic system at the maximum travel rate 100 mm/sec for the predetermined, given pressurized hydraulic system.

FIGS. 5B-5D illustrate a variety of alternative examples for driving the pin 1041, 1042 at reduced velocities for various durations of time. For example as shown in FIG. 5B, the pin is driven for 0.02 seconds at 25 mm/sec, then for 0.06 seconds at 75 mm/sec and then allowed to go to full valve open velocity shown as 100 mm/sec. Full valve open or maximum velocity is typically determined by the nature of hydraulic (or pneumatic) valve or motor drive system that drives the valve pin. In the case of a hydraulic (or pneumatic) system the maximum velocity that the system is capable of implementing is determined by the nature, design and size of the pumps, the fluid delivery channels, the actuator, the drive fluid (liquid or gas), the restrictor valves and the like.

As shown in FIGS. 5A-5D, the velocity of the valve pin when the pin reaches the end of the reduced velocity period, the valve 600 can be instructed to assume the full open position essentially instantaneously or alternatively can be instructed to take a more gradual approach up, between 0.08 and 0.12 seconds, to the maximum valve openness as shown in FIG. 5D. In all cases the controller 16 instructs the valve pin 1041, 1042 to travel continuously upstream rather than follow a profile where the pin might travel in a downstream direction during the course of the injection cycle. Most preferably, the actuator, valve pin, valves and fluid drive system are adapted to move the valve pin between a gate closed position and a maximum upstream travel position that defines an end of stroke position for the actuator and the valve pin. Most preferably the valve pin is moved at the maximum velocity at one or more times or positions over the course of upstream travel of the valve pin past the upstream gate open position. Alternatively to the hydraulic system depicted and described, a pneumatic or gas driven system can be used and implemented in the same manner as described above for a hydraulic system.

Preferably, the valve pin and the gate are configured or adapted to cooperate with each other to restrict and vary the rate of flow of fluid material 1153, FIGS. 3A-3B, 4A-4B over the course of travel of the tip end of the valve pin through the restricted velocity path RP. Most typically as shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B the radial tip end surface 1155 of the end 1142 of pin 1041, 1042 is conical or tapered and the surface of the gate 1254 with which pin surface 1155 is intended to mate to close the gate 34 is complementary in conical or taper configuration. Alternatively as shown in FIGS. 4A, 4B, the radial surface 1155 of the tip end 1142 of the pin 1041, 1042 can be cylindrical in configuration and the gate can have a complementary cylindrical surface 1254 with which the tip end surface 1155 mates to close the gate 34 when the pin 1041 is in the downstream gate closed position. In any embodiment, the outside radial surface 1155 of the tip end 1142 of the pin 1041 creates restricted a restricted flow channel 1154 over the length of travel of the tip end 1142 through and along restricted flow path RP that restricts or reduces the volume or rate of flow of fluid material 1153 relative to the rate of flow when the pin 1041, 1042 is at a full gate open position, namely when the tip end 1142 of the pin 1041 has travelled to or beyond the length of the restricted flow path RP (which is, for example the 4 mm upstream travel position of FIGS. 5A-5C).

In one embodiment, as the tip end 1142 of the pin 1041 continues to travel upstream from the gate closed GC position (as shown for example in FIGS. 3A, 4A) through the length of the RP path (namely the path travelled for the predetermined amount of time), the rate of material fluid flow 1153 through restriction gap 1154 through the gate 34 into the cavity 30 continues to increase from 0 at gate closed GC position to a maximum flow rate when the tip end 1142 of the pin reaches a position FOP (full open position), FIGS. 5A-5D, where the pin is no longer restricting flow of injection mold material through the gate. In such an embodiment, at the expiration of the predetermined amount of time when the pin tip 1142 reaches the FOP (full open) position FIGS. 5A, 5B, the pin 1041 is immediately driven by the hydraulic system at maximum velocity FOV (full open velocity) typically such that the restriction valve 600 is opened to full 100% open.

In alternative embodiments, when the predetermined time for driving the pin at reduced velocity has expired and the tip 1142 has reached the end of restricted flow path RP2, the tip 1142 may not necessarily be in a position where the fluid flow 1153 is not still being restricted. In such alternative embodiments, the fluid flow 1153 can still be restricted to less than maximum flow when the pin has reached the changeover position COP2 where the pin 1041 is driven at a higher, typically maximum, upstream velocity FOV. In the alternative examples shown in the FIG. 3B example when the predetermined time has expired for driving the pin at reduced velocity and the tip end 1142 has reached changeover point COP, the tip end 1142 of the pin 1041 (and its radial surface 1155) no longer restricts the rate of flow of fluid material 1153 through the gap 1154 because the gap 1154 has increased to a size that no longer restricts fluid flow 1153 below the maximum flow rate of material 1153. Thus in one of the examples shown in FIG. 3B the maximum fluid flow rate for injection material 1153 is reached at the upstream position COP of the tip end 1142. In another example shown in FIG. 3B 4B, the pin 1041 can be driven at a reduced velocity over a shorter path RP2 that is less than the entire length of the restricted mold material flow path RP and switched over at the end COP2 of the shorter restricted path RP2 to a higher or maximum velocity FOV. In the FIGS. 5A, 5B examples, the upstream FOP position is about 4 mm and 5 mm respectively upstream from the gate closed position. Other alternative upstream FOP positions are shown in FIGS. 5C, 5D.

In another alternative embodiment, shown in FIG. 4B, the pin 1041 can be driven and instructed to be driven at reduced or less than maximum velocity over a longer path length RP3 having an upstream portion UR where the flow of injection fluid mold material is not restricted but flows at a maximum rate through the gate 34 for the given injection mold system. In this FIG. 4B example the velocity or drive rate of the pin 1041 is not changed over until the tip end of the pin 1041 or actuator 941 has reached the changeover position COP3. As in other embodiments, a position sensor senses either that the valve pin 1041 or an associated component has travelled the path length RP3 or reached the end COP3 of the selected path length and the controller receives and processes such information and instructs the drive system to drive the pin 1041 at a higher, typically maximum velocity upstream. In another alternative embodiment, the pin 1041 can be driven at reduced or less than maximum velocity throughout the entirety of the travel path of the pin during an injection cycle from the gate closed position GC up to the end-of-stroke EOS position, the controller 16 being programmed to instruct the drive system for the actuator to be driven at one or more reduced velocities for the time or path length of an entire closed GC to fully open EOS cycle.

In the FIGS. 5A-5D examples, FOV is 100 mm/sec. Typically, when the time period for driving the pin 1041 at reduced velocity has expired and the pin tip 1142 has reached the position COP, COP2, the restriction valve 600 is opened to full 100% open velocity FOV position such that the pins 1041, 1042 are driven at the maximum velocity or rate of travel that the hydraulic system is capable of driving the actuators 941, 942. Alternatively, the pins 1041, 1042 can be driven at a preselected FOV velocity that is less than the maximum velocity at which the pin is capable of being driven when the restriction valve 600 is fully open but is still greater than the selected reduced velocities that the pin is driven over the course of the RP, RP2 path to the COP, COP2 position.

At the expiration of the predetermined reduced velocity drive time, the pins 1041, 1042 are typically driven further upstream past the COP, COP2 position to a maximum end-of-stroke EOS position. The upstream COP, COP2 position is downstream of the maximum upstream end-of-stroke EOS open position of the tip end 1142 of the pin. The length of the path RP or RP2 is typically between about 2 and about 8 mm, more typically between about 2 and about 6 mm and most typically between about 2 and about 4 mm. In practice the maximum upstream (end of stroke) open position EOS of the pin 1041, 1042 ranges from about 8 mm to about 18 inches upstream from the closed gate position GC.

The controller 16 includes a processor, memory, user interface and circuitry and/or instructions that receive and execute the user inputs of percentage of maximum valve open or percentage of maximum voltage or current input to the motor drive for opening and closing the restriction valve, time duration for driving the valve pin at the selected valve openings and reduced velocities.

In alternative embodiments the controller can include a processor and instructions that receive pin position information and signals from a position sensor and calculate the real time velocity of the pin from the pin position data at one or more times or positions over the course of the pin travel through the RP, RP2, RP3 path length and/or beyond. Such calculations of velocity can be intermittent or continuous throughout the cycle. In such an embodiment, the calculated pin velocity is constantly compared in real time to a predetermined target profile of pin velocities over the predetermined time period for reduced velocity and the velocity of the pin is adjusted in real time by the controller 16 to conform to the reduced velocity profile for the predetermined amount of time. In this embodiment as in all previously described embodiments, the pin is moved continuously upstream at all times between the gate closed position and all positions upstream of the gate closed position. Such control systems are described in greater detail in for example U.S. Patent Publication no. 20090061034 the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

As discussed above, control over the velocity of pin movement in an embodiment where the pin is driven by a hydraulic or pneumatic actuator is typically accomplished by controlling the degree of openness of the fluid restriction valve 600, control over velocity and drive rate or position of valve 600 being the same functions in terms of the instructions, microprocessor design or computer software that carries out instructing and implementing the velocity or drive rate adjustment to the valve pin or actuator. Where the position sensing system senses the position of the pin or other component multiple times throughout the course of the pin or other component movement, and real time velocity can be calculated by the controller 16, a program or instructions can be alternatively used to receive a velocity data input by the user to the controller 16 as the variable to be stored and processed instead of a predetermined voltage or current input Where an actuator that comprises an electric motor is used as the drive mechanism for moving the valve pin 1041, 1042 instead of a fluid driven actuator, the controller 16 can similarly be programmed to receive and process velocity data input as a variable for controlling the velocity or rate of drive of the electric actuator. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of performing an injection molding cycle in an injection molding apparatus comprising: an injection molding machine and a manifold that receives an injected mold material from the injection molding machine, the manifold having a delivery channel that delivers the mold material under an injection pressure to a first gate of a mold cavity, an actuator interconnected to a valve pin driving the valve pin from a first position where the tip end of the valve pin obstructs the gate to prevent the injection fluid material from flowing into the cavity, upstream to a second position upstream of the gate where the mold material flows at a maximum rate through the gate and continuously upstream from the start position through one or more intermediate positions between the first position and the second position wherein the tip end of the valve pin restricts flow of the injection fluid to one or more rates less than the maximum rate, a drive system for controllably driving the actuator and the valve pin upstream at one or more selected intermediate velocities and at one or more high velocities that are higher than the intermediate velocities, the method comprising: beginning an injection cycle with the tip end of the valve pin in the first position, first adjusting the drive system to drive the tip end of the valve pin upstream from the first position through all or a portion of the intermediate positions for a preselected period of time at the one or more intermediate velocities.
 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising subsequently adjusting the drive system to drive the tip end of the valve pin upstream at the one or more high velocities after the step of first adjusting.
 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the drive system is adjusted to drive the actuator at a single intermediate velocity for a single selected length of time.
 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the drive system is interconnected to an electrical signal generating device operable to generate electrical signals of controllably variable degree of output, the drive system being adjustable in drive rate to adjust velocity to a degree that is proportional to the degree of output of the electrical signals, the steps of first adjusting and subsequently adjusting the drive system comprising operating the electrical signal generating device to generate electrical signals that proportionally adjust the drive rate of the drive system according to electrical signals having one or more selected degrees of output.
 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the length of travel between the first position and the one or more intermediate positions along the drive path is between about 1 mm and about 5 mm.
 6. An apparatus for controlling the rate of flow of mold material to a mold cavity, the apparatus comprising: an injection molding machine and a manifold that receives the injected mold material from the machine, the manifold having a delivery channel that delivers the mold material at one or more flow rates through a gate to the mold cavity, an actuator interconnected to a valve pin having a tip end, the actuator being drivable to move the valve pin along a path of travel starting from a downstream gate closed position upstream to and through a series of successively upstream intermediate gate open positions and further upstream to a high upstream gate open position, a drive system connected to the actuator, the drive system being adapted to drive the actuator upstream beginning from the gate closed position at one or more preselected intermediate velocities for a preselected period of time through one or more of the successively upstream intermediate gate open positions.
 7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the controller includes instructions that instruct the actuator to further subsequently drive the actuator upstream from the one or more upstream intermediate gate open positions at one or more high velocities that are higher than the intermediate velocities.
 8. The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising a controller interconnected to the drive system, the controller being adapted to control operation of the drive system between the start position, the one or more intermediate upstream gate open positions and the high upstream gate open position, the controller including an electrical signal generator that outputs electrical signals of controllably variable degree of output, the drive system being adjustable in drive rate to adjust velocity of the actuator and the valve pin to a degree that is proportional to the degree of output of the electrical signals, the controller including instructions that operate the electrical signal generating device to generate electrical signals of one or more preselected degrees of output that drive the actuator upstream at one or more of the intermediate upstream velocities through the one or more upstream intermediate gate open positions and that further drive the actuator at the one or more high velocities subsequent to the valve pin being driven through the one or more intermediate upstream gate open positions.
 9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the output of the electrical signal is one or more of electrical energy, electrical power, voltage, current or amperage.
 10. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the tip end of the valve pin obstructs the gate to prevent the mold material from flowing into the cavity when the actuator is in the downstream gate closed position, the mold material flows at a maximum rate through the gate when the actuator is in the high upstream gate open position and the tip end of the valve pin restricts the flow of the mold material to less than the maximum rate when the actuator is in the one or more intermediate upstream gate open positions, and wherein the valve pin is in one or more of the intermediate upstream gate open positions restricting flow of the mold material to less than the maximum rate when the drive system is driving the actuator at the one or more intermediate velocities.
 11. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the rate of travel of the actuator when the actuator is driven at the highest of the one or more intermediate velocities is less than about 75% of the rate of travel of the actuator when the actuator is driven at the lowest of the one or more high velocities.
 12. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the length of travel between the downstream gate closed position and the furthest upstream of the one or more intermediate upstream gate open positions is between about 1 mm and about 5 mm.
 13. A method of performing an injection molding cycle comprising injecting a mold material into a cavity of a mold employing the injection molding apparatus of claim
 6. 